Building Mathematical Fluency for Students with Disabilities or Students At-Risk for Mathematics Failure

It is incredibly important for students who are at-risk for mathematics failure or who have a disability which
hinders mathematical performance to improve in their mathematical achievement. One way to improve
mathematical achievement is through building fluency in mathematics. Fluency in mathematics is the ability to
solve problems automatically and with accuracy. One method of building fluency for students who are at-risk or
who have a disability includes the concrete-representational-abstract sequence of instruction that is paired with
strategic instruction (CRA-SI). A brief overview is provided on CRA-SI instruction along with a review of the
literature that shows CRA-SI instruction as effective instruction for students who are at-risk or who have a
disability.